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The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius is defined as one calorie. This unit of measurement is crucial in nutrition and dietetics as it reflects the caloric content of food and the energy expenditure of the human body. One calorie represents a relatively small amount of energy, which is why larger quantities are often referred to in kilocalories (where 1 kilocalorie equals 1,000 calories).

The other options refer to different forms of measurement or units of energy. A joule, for instance, is a unit of energy in the International System of Units, but it is not the specific measurement used in this context for raising the temperature of water. A kilocalorie, on the other hand, is equivalent to 1,000 calories and is used when discussing food energy, making it too large for this specific question. Lastly, a watt measures power, which is the rate of energy transfer and not applicable in this scenario regarding temperature change. Thus, the choice of calorie is directly aligned with the definition provided in thermodynamics and nutrition science.